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1.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 93(2): 197-202, Apr.-Jun. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447251

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La ectasia coronaria (EC) es una remodelación patológica con una prevalencia mundial baja. Se define como una dilatación difusa mayor a 1.5 veces el diámetro de los segmentos adyacentes de esta o diferentes arterias coronarias. Objetivo: Documentar las características clínicas y angiográficas, y el tratamiento médico que reciben los pacientes con diagnóstico de EC en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (INC). Métodos: Estudio de tipo transversal con diseño no experimental descriptivo, con un muestreo por conveniencia no probabilístico. Resultados: De 69 pacientes que asistieron al INC con diagnóstico de EC la mayor parte eran hombres, con una media de edad de 56 ± 11 años, el factor de riesgo coronario más común en los pacientes con EC fue el tabaquismo, en 40 (58%); se asoció un infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) en 45 (65.2%), de localización frecuente en la cara inferior 18 (40%), relacionado con la arteria más afectada, la coronaria derecha 48 (69.6%), seguida de la circunfleja 39 (56.5%). Destaca el uso preferente de la terapia antiplaquetaria dual con anticoagulante (APD+ACO) en 40 (58%) al egreso de cada paciente del INC. Conclusión: La EC es una remodelación patológica no infrecuente en el INC. En este estudio se evidenció que el SCA-IAMCEST es la manifestación más típica de la EC, la coronariografía diagnóstica identificó un Markis tipo 3, por lo que se esperaría una tasa baja de mortalidad y recurrencia de eventos cardiovasculares y a pesar de no existir un consenso sobre la terapia ideal, en el INC se prefiere el tratamiento individualizado, recomendando modificación en el estilo de vida y empleando como tratamiento médico el uso de la triple terapia (APD+ACO) solo al momento de egreso del paciente.


Abstract Introduction: Coronary Ectasia (CE) is a pathological remodeling with a low worldwide prevalence. It is defined as a diffuse dilatation greater than 1.5 times the diameter of the adjacent segments of the same or different coronary arteries. Objective: To document the clinical and angiographic characteristics, and medical treatment at the discharge of patients diagnosed with coronary ectasia who attended the National Institute of Cardiology (INC). Methods: Cross-sectional study with a non-experimental descriptive design, with a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Results: Of 69 patients who attended the INC with a diagnosis of CD, most were men, with a mean age of 56 + 11 years, the most common coronary risk factor in patients with CE was smoking 58% (40); it was associated mostly with an acute myocardial infarction ST-segment elevation (STEMI) 65.2% (45), of frequent location in the lower face 40% (18), correlated with the most affected artery is the Right Coronary Artery (CD) 69.6% (48), followed by the circumflex (Cx) 56.5% (39). A mean LVEF of 47 + 9.72 was evident within the ventricular function. As well as the preferential use of dual antiplatelet therapy with anticoagulant (DAP + OAC) in 58% (40) at the discharge of each patient from the INC. Conclusion: CE is a not uncommon pathological remodeling in INC. This study showed that STEMI is the most typical manifestation of CE, diagnostic coronary angiography identified a type 3 Markis, so a low rate of mortality and recurrence of cardiovascular events would be expected, and despite the lack of consensus on the ideal therapy, at the INC individualized treatment is preferred, recommending lifestyle changes, and using triple therapy (DAP + OAC) as a medical treatment only at the time of patient discharge.

2.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 158(4): 225-230, jul.-ago. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404844

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: En las guías actuales europeas para el manejo del infarto de miocardio posterior a la colocación de endoprótesis coronaria (stent), no existe consenso sobre la duración ideal de la terapia antiagregante plaquetaria dual (DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy) para prevenir la trombosis-reestenosis del stent sin aumentar el riesgo significativo de sangrado. Objetivo: Reportar el porcentaje de sangrado mayor y de eventos cardiovasculares mayores asociados a la DAPT prolongada en pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología y tratados con intervención coronaria percutánea primaria y stent. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, prospectivo observacional y descriptivo no experimental. Los pacientes fueron captados de noviembre de 2016 a diciembre de 2017. Resultados: Fueron seleccionados 135 pacientes con una media de edad de 57 ± 10 años, quienes cumplieron un seguimiento clínico por tres años. La obesidad y la hipertensión destacaron como principales factores de riesgo. Posterior al uso de DAPT durante tres años, se registró 3.7 % de mortalidad, 1.48 % de sangrado mayor y 4.4 % de trombosis-reestenosis. Conclusiones: El uso prolongado de DAPT estaría justificado por la alta incidencia de trombosis-reestenosis, sin incremento significativo en el riesgo de sangrado y con disminución de los eventos cardiovasculares mayores.


Abstract Introduction: In current European guidelines for the management of myocardial infarction after coronary stent placement, there is no consensus on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) ideal duration to prevent stent thrombosis-restenosis without significantly increasing the bleeding risk. Objective: To report the percentage of major bleeding and presence of major cardiovascular events associated with prolonged DAPT in patients recruited at the National Institute of Cardiology, treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and stent. Methods: A longitudinal, prospective, observational, non-experimental, descriptive study was carried out. Patients were recruited from November 2016 to December 2017. Results: One-hundred and thirty-five patients with a mean age of 57 ± 10 years who completed the three-year follow-up were selected. Obesity and hypertension stood out as the main risk factors. After using DAPT for three years, 3.7% of mortality, 1.48% of major bleeding, and 4.4% of thrombosis-restenosis were recorded. Conclusions: Prolonged use of DAPT would be justified by the high incidence of thrombosis-restenosis, without a significant increase in bleeding risk, as well as a decrease in major cardiovascular events.

4.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 141(5): 395-400, sep.-oct. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-632094

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El choque cardiogénico (CHC) es la causa más frecuente de mortalidad después de un infarto agudo del miocardio (IAM). El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer cuáles son las principales variables de mortalidad del CHC. Métodos: Se estudiaron en período consecutivo de 12 años a 155 enfermos del Servicio de Urgencias del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez ". Resultados: En los enfermos mayores de 60 años con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus y con cardiopatía isquémica la mortalidad fue mayor (p<0.001). Al analizar los procedimientos terapéuticos, el grupo de tratamiento exclusivamente médico (n=79) tuvo mortalidad de 97.4% y el de revascularización temprana (n=76) de 59.2% con diferencia significativa (p<0.001). Conclusiones: Se concluye que el CHC tiene mortalidad elevada (78.7%) en el grupo global; que la edad, la presencia de diabetes y el antecedente de cardiopatía isquémica empeoran su pronóstico, y que la revascularización temprana como método terapéutico disminuye su mortalidad.


Objective: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is one of principal causes of mortality after an acute myocardial infarction (MI). The objective of this study was to determine the principal causes that contribute to an increase in mortality in CS. Methods: We studied 155 consecutive patients with CS admitted to the Coronary Care Unit of the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez from 1990 2002. Results: Patients older than 60 years with MI and diabetes mellitus presented a higher cardiovascular mortality (p<0.001). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures decreased the cardiovascular mortality in CS as compared to those patients not submmitted to PCI (59% vs. 98%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Mortality due to CS is still very high (80%). Previous MI and diabetes favor short term mortality and the use of PCI suggests a clinical favourable trend in the reduction of mortality due to CS. PCI appears to be the most appropriate reperfusion procedure for treating CS.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Shock, Cardiogenic/mortality , Retrospective Studies
5.
Rev. med. interna ; 14(1): 6-13, jun. 2003. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-412019

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Reportar los casos de pericarditis constrictiva diagnosticados entre julio 2002 y julio 2003 y el tratamiento. Métodos: Buscamos pacientes con diagnóstico de pericarditis constrictiva en el período descrito. Resultados: Encontramos dos pacientes. Caso 1: mujer, 48 años, antecedente de tuberculosis ocular sin tratamiento hace 10 años, acude con sintomatología crónica y signos clínicos de hipertensión venosa sistémica e hipertensión venosa pulmonar, encontramos chasquido pericárdico, se sospechó y confirmó el diagnóstico, se practicó pericardiectomía con mejoría en el postoperatorio inmediato pero en clase funcional II de la NYHA en el seguimiento posterior;...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pericarditis, Constrictive , Pericarditis, Tuberculous , Pericardiectomy
6.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 72(3): 209-219, jul.-set. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-329828

ABSTRACT

In this prospective, randomized and controlled study, we compare complications in 2 groups of patients: group 1, enoxaparin 0.8 mg/kg, subcutaneous every 12 hours during 5 days, and group 2, intravenous unfractionated heparin during 5 days, by infusion treated to activate partial tromboplastin time 1.5-2 the upper limit of normal. Blood samples were obtained at 4, 12, 24 hours and at day 5 of treatment, to measure anti-Xa levels, and also, evaluated end points at 30 days, between groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with clinical and angiographic variables between groups, with p < 0.05. RESULTS: 203 consecutive patients, average age of 60.5 +/- 11.2 years, and 80 men, were included. There were no differences in clinical and angiographic characteristics. All patients with enoxaparin had therapeutic levels of anti-Xa, of 0.5 to 0.67 U/mL. There was increasing risk of total bleeding in group 2 (18.7) than in group 1 (5.6), with RR = 1.72 (95 CI 1.29, 2.29), p = .003. Also, there was 33.3 of MACE in group 2, and only 17.8 in group 1, with RR = 1.88 (CI 95 1.29, 2.29), p = .011. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Low doses of enoxaparine achieve therapeutic levels, since the first 4 hours of treatment. 2) A significant reduction of total bleeding occurred with the low doses of enoxaparin, with the same efficacy to reduce MACE during follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Angina, Unstable/drug therapy , Anticoagulants , Enoxaparin , Hemorrhage , Heparin , Angina, Unstable/blood , Anticoagulants , Enoxaparin , Hemorrhage , Heparin , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
9.
Bol. chil. parasitol ; 45(1/2): 24-7, ene.-abr. 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-96519

ABSTRACT

The results of a new enteroparasitological survey carried out by the authors are analized with the aim of contributing to the knowledge of the situation of these infections in the V Region. In 1987 the children of five rural schools of Santo Domingo were studied by means of the modified Telemann method, the Ziehl-Neelsen stain and seried Graham test. The parasites more frequently found were: E. vermicularis (50.4%) and G. lamblia (10.8%). No E. histolytica was found in these children. The most frequent commensal was E. nana (21.9%). Cryptosporindium sp. presented a low frequency (0.9%), a figure that in these asymptomatic subjects is in accordance with that found in outpatients with chronic diarrhea in Valparaísa, V Region


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Students , Chile/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Health Surveys , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Prevalence , Rural Population , Staining and Labeling
10.
Bol. chil. parasitol ; 45(1/2): 28-9, ene.-abr. 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-96520

ABSTRACT

The results of two enteroparasitological surveys in children carried out in the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, within a 5-year period (1982-1987), are compared. In both studies the abscense of Ascaris lumbricoides has been persistent, having no explanation for this phenomenon due to the favorable environmental conditions for the development of the quited parasit. In the second survey Cryptosporidium sp. was studied, finding a higher frecuency than that detected in rural areas of the V Region


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Health Surveys , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Rural Population
11.
Parasitol. día ; 11(3): 117-9, jul.-sept. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-58853

ABSTRACT

Se presentan los resultados de una encuesta entero y ectoparasitaria con el objeto de ampliar el conocimiento de la situación existente en la V Región, Chile. Se encuestaron 128 niños mediante estudio coproparasitario y Test de Graham seriados y por diagnóstico directo de sarna y pediculosis capitis. Los parásitos más frecuentes fueron E. Vermicularis (44,8%) y G. Lamblia (20,7%), no encontrándose A. lumbricoides ni E. histolytica en dichos alumnos. El protozoo comensal más frecuente fué E. nana (32,7%). Cryptosporidium sp se presentó con baja frecuencia (4,1%), porcentaje similar al encontrado en pacientes con diarrea de Valparaíso. Sarna y pediculosis aparecieron con baja frecuencia en los alumnos del Internado estudiado: 9,4% y 0,8%, respectivamente


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Humans , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Oxyuriasis/epidemiology , Scabies/epidemiology , Chile , Feces/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology
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